Sermon on the Mount, The Emmaus View

The Emmaus view, summary of content. (Version 1.21)

This document started life as a page plan for the book The Emmaus View. The numbers of pages reflect single 15.3x23.3cm pages with header and footer and typical font sizes for similar works. Total is estimated at between 365 and 370 pages.

Copyright and permission to quote (inserted as required)

Dedication (1 page)

Foreword (1 page)

1. About a book, introducing the Gospel of Matthew (11 pages)

This chapter introduces the purpose of the book, which is to familiarise the reader with the Hebrew scriptures as Jesus understood them. It suggests that the earliest chapters of Matthew provide guide-posts to this perspective. The antiquity of Matthew’s Gospel and its standing amongst gospels, both canonical and non-canonical, are discussed. It then argues for the plausibility of apostolic authorship and the validity of using Matthew's Gospel as a guide to the apostolic understanding of the Hebrew Bible.

  1. The Emmaus perspective
  2. The common view and the significance of order
  3. The earliest manuscripts
  4. The love of quotation
  5. The traditions of the Fathers
  6. Writing in the wrong tongue
  7. The proliferation of gospels
  8. Figments, phantoms and forgeries
  9. Fragments and finds
  10. The mark of a sound gospel
  11. Revealing the test and passing it

2. About an author, Matthew the apostle (5 Pages)

Matthew the apostle is introduced as a wealthy, educated, man. The chapter argues for the probability that he had a Levitical background, a concern for cultic matters and a connection with John the Baptist that pre-dated his call to follow Jesus.

  1. The character of the author
  2. A dual named follower of the Baptist
  3. The wealthy businessman
  4. Ready made tax collectors
  5. The art of funding building projects
  6. The other Matthew

3. Jesus, an Adam-like Messiah (11 pages)

Explains how Matthew’s first sentence equates Jesus with Adam. Introduces the concept of an Adam-like Messiah and explores what one would be like. Investigates the significance of the Image of God and how its replication formed part of God’s agenda for Messiah. Explores how God uses mankind’s rebellion to subvert itself. Presents Jacob’s rods as a Biblical precedent for image replication at a corporate level.

  1. Paying a compliment the ancient way
  2. Messiah, the anointed one
  3. The expected Messiah and Matthew’s Messiah
  4. The image of God
  5. An Adam-like Messiah envisioned
  6. Adam, created to replicate
  7. Cain and Abel, a choice of image
  8. Isaac’s constructive rebellion
  9. Spotted sheep and the transformation of nations
  10. Messiah’s wisdom and its outcome
  11. On the threshold of a new Eden

4. Cleanliness, a matter of divine opinion (10 pages)

This chapter explores how Eden-like places were repeatedly lost through disobedience. Then, taking various aspects of cleanliness in turn, develops the argument that an objects cleanliness was shorthand for its fitness for the purposes of Eden.

  1. Eden’s nature and its loss
  2. Good and bad before the time of Noah
  3. The heart of the cleanliness rules
  4. The Genesis criteria and animal cleanliness
  5. The curious matter of cud and hoof
  6. The taint of death
  7. The pain of childbirth
  8. Assorted ways to waste seed
  9. The mark of divine displeasure
  10. Fit for Eden

5. Eden’s curse and its covenant cure (11 pages)

This chapter explains how the fall from Eden gave rise to first the curse of an unclean land and then an Edenic covenant that offered a way of salvation from its effects. It explores the first day of judgement, the precedent for protective custodial authority, the role of the woman and her seed and the origin of the burnt offering. It examines the relationship between Adam’s crime, that of Cain, the two greatest commandments, and the curse on the land. Finally it introduces the curses of the covenant of Moab and Messiah’s role in removing them.

  1. Learning from the lesson of Eden
  2. Forbidden fruit and figgy garb
  3. Adam’s day of judgement
  4. A curse on the ground
  5. The role of women when men rebel
  6. Eden’s covenant, origin of an offering
  7. An end to Eden
  8. The seed of the Woman sprouts
  9. The two greatest
  10. Curses and the Covenant of Moab
  11. Messiah’s curse-revoking mission
  12. Essential steps

6. Noah’s memorable moment and Moses’ movable feast (14 pages)

This chapter explores the relationship between the Noah account and other ancient Mesopotamian epics. It argues for the covenant of Noah as conditional, the peace offering as its sacrifice, and Noah as a new Adam in a new Eden. It then explains the significance of the Noahic flood for the Exodus and the origin of the Jewish festivals. The day on which God remembered Noah is identified as a significant anniversary, linked to the feasts of the seventh month, an annual covenant-renewal that ensured the cleanliness of the land and in which the day of atonement played a vital role.

  1. Restoring an unclean world
  2. Chaos, creation and cataclysm
  3. The life giving covenant with Noah
  4. A second fall
  5. The Noahic New Year
  6. In the seventh month
  7. Shifting times
  8. Moses’ flood
  9. An annual renewal
  10. Unforgivable sin
  11. From creation to cleansing

7. Priests after the order of Melchizedek (14 pages)

This chapter identifies the priesthood of Melchizedek as a common denominator between Abraham, David and Christ. It explores the dynamics of Abraham’s encounter with Melchizedek and then traces the role of Abraham’s cultic legacy in the rise of David. The dynamics of the cultic crisis in the time of Eli are examined in terms of its impact on both the Aaronic priesthood and the cleanliness of the land. It then offers the thesis that Samuel’s agenda for restoring national cleanliness involved establishing the monarch as a priest after the order of Melchizedek, thus making the monarch the faithful priest to whom the Aaronic priests had to answer. Evidence is presented, that David showed signs of being a priest like Abraham and used Judah’s share of the patriarch’s cultic legacy in his bid to supplant Saul. Concludes by considering the evidence from later periods for the cultic relationship between monarch and priesthood, as established in David’s time.

  1. Melchizedek’s Men
  2. Abraham’s encounter
  3. Israel’s cleanliness crisis
  4. Evidence of a dysfunctional priesthood
  5. Re-activating an ancient order
  6. Saul becomes king-priest
  7. The test of faithfulness
  8. A giant’s head goes walkabout
  9. A priest-king returns to Salem
  10. The ‘faithful priest’ flexes his authority
  11. Solomon, the priest-king acknowledged
  12. Between Solomon and Exile
  13. The returnees’ subversive coronation
  14. Melchizedek and the Maccabees
  15. The end of the thread

8. Four daughters of Eve save her heritage (9 pages)

This chapter considers the more common theories for Matthew’s choice to include women in his genealogy. Finding none of them quite satisfactory, it suggests that the common denominator between them is that they all preserved the legacy of Eve. Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba are then considered in turn to draw out this theme. The legal implications of their actions are identified as a basis for exploring their experience of grace and how that related to events in Eden. The common experience of the four is then related to that of Mary.

  1. Rooting an individual in history
  2. Why let the women in?
  3. Overlooking the obvious
  4. Tamar provokes some self-condemnation
  5. Rahab and the better god to serve
  6. Ruth and the reformation of Naomi
  7. Bathsheba provides David with a choice
  8. Deadly law
  9. Granting life
  10. Eden revisited
  11. Setting aside the law

9. Four sons of Adam loose their legacy (7 pages)

This chapter considers the structure of Matthew’s genealogy and how it highlights that there are gaps. Four missing individuals are identified and the significance of these leaders for the fortunes of the priesthood of Melchizedek is explained. This reveals that they form a precise contrast to the four women Matthew added (and considered in the previous chapter), each loosing their heritage by emulating Adam’s error. The chapter also raises the possibility that Jesus' line lay hidden after Zerubbabel, like Joash, amidst a loyal priesthood.

  1. Matthew’s structured genealogy
  2. The challenge of the four missing men
  3. Jehoiakim and the moral of the Rechabites
  4. Ahaziah and a heritage lost
  5. Joash ignores his ‘father’
  6. Amaziah, following in his father’s footsteps
  7. An ambiguity put to good use
  8. Preserving a heritage and loosing one
  9. Symmetry and the fortunes of a priesthood
  10. A king in hiding
  11. The priestly possibility

10. Precedents for adopting a heritage (12 pages)

This chapter considers the problem for the Davidic line caused by the curse upon Jehoiakim, then explores how resolving the inconsistencies between the gospel genealogies of Jesus suggest adoption was the solution. It then examines how ancestry is not always quite what it seems and an adopted heritage seems to have played a significant role in the life of Moses, Caleb and David.

11. Patriarchal protocols and terrible teraphim (14 pages)

This chapter traces the cryptic influence of Edenic protocols for transmitting rights throughout the patriarchal histories of Lamech, Noah, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Whilst considering such cryptic influences, it also presents hidden teraphim as a vital ingredient in interpreting Jacob’s story and Joseph’s encounter with his brothers. Finally, it then explores Benjamin’s significance and how it lay hidden at the heart of the book of Judges, before noting the re-appearance teraphim, in the events leading up to the battle of Gibeah and again in David’s life.

  1. Hidden gems in some familiar fields
  2. Lessons from Lamech and Noah
  3. New authority, new covenant
  4. Rebekah’s role
  5. A wife for Jacob
  6. The ‘gods’ that went missing
  7. Finishing an unfinished story
  8. The significance of Benjamin
  9. A case for mistaken identities
  10. Deborah the Benjamite?
  11. Declining standards
  12. The serpent strikes back.
  13. Back on the trail of the Teraphim
  14. Seed and serpent

12. He shall be called Jesus (9 pages)

This chapter suggests how one might reconcile Matthew’s nativity with Luke’s. It then notes how Joseph’s experience mirrors Hagar’s and how Jesus claim to David’s throne depended upon Joseph’s full acceptance of him. Finally it explores the significance of Jesus’ name and the nature of Israel’s sin.

  1. The two perspectives on Jesus nativity
  2. Two lives turned upside down
  3. Sharing Hagar’s dilemma
  4. The implications of naming the child
  5. His people and their aim
  6. The novel concept of salvation from sin
  7. God’s people and the covenant of Moab
  8. Psalm 119, guidance for those who have gone astray
  9. A flight of misdirected arrows
  10. To save a kingdom

13. Immanuel, God is with us (9 pages)

This chapter explains the significance of a child named Immanuel through exploring the historical context of ‘God with us’. It investigates how an extended parallelism in Isaiah presents this child’s birth as a warning to Ahaz’ apostate nation and how Ahaz strategy failed. Then it suggests that Matthew cited this text, not because the same would happen again, but because the same spiritual dynamic was at work and the same warning was needed.

  1. A fulfilled prophecy fulfilled once more
  2. The reassurance that ‘God is with you’
  3. The two sides of ‘God with us’
  4. A sign for a king
  5. Two children but one invasion
  6. Ahaz’ failed strategy
  7. Sheep and goats, a spiritual dynamic at work
  8. Immanuel, wake up call for an apostate nation

14. The legacy of Balaam’s star (12 pages)

This chapter explores the spiritual issue at stake in the Exodus conflicts east of the Jordan, then notes how the actions of Balaam’s donkey anticipate the prophet’s own, before unpacking the significance of Balam’s prophecy. The significance of the the predicted star, its fulfilment in David and it later appearance in Judaism are all explored, after which it proposes that the Magi arrived as heirs of Balaam and interprets the wise men’s response in that light. The chapter draws the analogy between the movement of the star and the movement of the Glory of God when it departed from Solomon’s temple. Next it explains how rejoicing with great joy was a theologically significant response. An investigation the relationship between the Jacob story and the three gifts, is then used to demonstrate how their relationship to Psalm 72 supports Matthew’s portrayal of Jesus as Messiah. Finally it ties the choice of gifts into the process of establishing a new dwelling place for God amongst men.

  1. Herod, the troubled tyrant
  2. Edom ignores an ancient precedent
  3. Balak’s dilemma
  4. Balaam, a man with a reputation
  5. Donkey wisdom and a prophet’s prediction
  6. Stars and sceptres, agents of truth
  7. Beyond the fulfilment of Balaam’s prophecy
  8. John Hyrcanus and the Messianic star
  9. Return of the Magi
  10. Ichabod, the star on the move
  11. The proper context for rejoicing and great joy
  12. Gifts from Tarshish and Sheba
  13. Psalm 72 and the expectations of tradition
  14. A dwelling place for God’s glory
  15. The magi make their exit

15. Rachel’s tears and the fate of Gibeah (11 pages)

This chapter explores the significance of the massacre of the innocents at Bethlehem, revealing the corporate cost of occult idolatry. It then considers the precedent established at Benjamin’s birth and how that was revisited at Gibeah and Rimmon. The prophetic use of these images is then examined in Hosea, Micah, Isaiah and Jeremiah. Corporate re-birth amidst corporate death is revealed to be God’s chosen device for lifting idolatry’s curse from those who serve him. Finally, the Bethlehem massacre, representing such a birth, is related to the birth pangs of Messiah.

  1. Inappropriate tears in an inappropriate place
  2. Welcome to the hospitality of Gibeah
  3. Sodom revisited
  4. Emulating angels
  5. A touch of death on the nation
  6. Ramah gains a voice
  7. The remnant fruit of the pomegranate
  8. The baby who refused to be born
  9. Two witnesses to another birth
  10. The day of Jacob’s distress
  11. Jeremiah foresees the birth of a remnant
  12. New birth, the one way back
  13. The birth pangs of Messiah

16. Blood on the ground (10 pages)

Starting with the observation that Herod was behaving like one of the kings of Israel’s Northern Kingdom, this chapter examines the spiritual consequences of shedding innocent blood and how to escape them. From the accounts of Cain, Noah, Jacob and Moses a way of salvation emerges, a way exemplified in the Mosaic legislation concerning the manslayer. Judah’s exile in Babylon is considered as an example of what happens when a nation has to escape both idolatry and the shedding of innocent blood. A similar problem faced Jesus’ nation, for which the precedent of Joash is offered as the applicable solution.

  1. Embracing Cain’s folly
  2. Walking in the ways of Jeroboam
  3. The meaning of the mark
  4. Shut in with God
  5. Jacob’s forced flight to Egypt
  6. Moses the manslayer
  7. When idolatry accompanies bloodshed
  8. Preserved in the presence of God
  9. Micah’s child

17. New Egypt, new Pharaoh, new Moses (7 pages)

This chapter demonstrates how Matthew’s text presents Herod the Great’s Judah as a new Egypt and Jesus as a new Moses. It considers how Herod fitted the role of Pharaoh and how the expectation of another prophet like Moses, whilst originally applying to any truly godly prophet, became focused on a single individual.

  1. Moses’ warning
  2. Fulfilling the past
  3. An unexpected way to leave Egypt
  4. A new Pharaoh
  5. Presenting parallel lives
  6. God’s messengers
  7. From prophets to Prophet
  8. The first glimpses of a new Moses

18. Nature of a Nazarene (10 Pages)

This chapter examines how Luke/Acts provides clues to the nature of a Nazarene. Suggesting that a Nazarene was a form of watchman, it then explores why Jesus called himself the Son of Man. Finally it re-examines the calling of Nathaniel in the light of this new perspective.

  1. A fulfilling change of plan
  2. Pondering on theories
  3. A city on a hill
  4. Comparing the pious with the possessed
  5. Walking with the Nazarene
  6. Confused crowds and leaping lame
  7. The nature of a Nazarene
  8. The metaphorical fig
  9. Seeing heaven opened
  10. Looking for the lookout
  11. At last we see

19. The recurrent day of judgement (13 pages)

This chapter examines the recurrent nature of the Day of Judgement as an event in Israel’s history. It takes a series of such events and reveals how their common features informed the prophetic expectation of any Day of Judgement, shedding light on the prophecy of Joel. Jezreel is then identified as a focus for such events, carrying alongside the threat of judgement the promise of restoration.

  1. The significance of Jezreel
  2. A day of judgement for Sodom
  3. Jacob’s valley
  4. The Red Sea verdict
  5. Gideon reveals God’s judgement
  6. The valley of Jehoshaphat
  7. Jehoshaphat’s other valley
  8. Joel’s choice of outcomes
  9. Burial place of the judged
  10. Ephraim’s day
  11. The promise of Jezreel
  12. The Son of Man’s commission

20. Isaiah’s day (14 Pages)

This chapter examines the context and overview of Isaiah 1-40, at the heart of which lies the pruning of idolatrous Israel and a re-birthing cataclysm for Judah. It explains how Isaiah presents this as the fall of Babel and a Noahic style flood that culminates in a day of judgement, giving rise to a new creation. It sets the scene for an examination of John the Baptist’s agenda in the next chapter.

  1. Isaiah’s warning
  2. A day, a child and a flood
  3. The Assyrian Gideon
  4. A Samaritan Babel
  5. Warnings to a wavering king
  6. From Ahaz death to Ashdod’s rebellion
  7. Men like dust
  8. A prophet’s pain
  9. Drying up the land
  10. Another set of watchmen
  11. Jehoshaphat revisited
  12. The later day flood
  13. The vision that none can see
  14. An end to Assyria’s work
  15. The day of judgement for Judah

21. A new creation (11 pages)

This chapter examines how John the Baptist came, pursuing an agenda derived from Isaiah 32-35. The implications of Isaiah 32-35 are considered in more detail, before noting how Jeremiah drew upon Isaiah’s imagery in predicting the exile of Judah and Psalm 106 updates the story. The same process is observed at work in Moses’ days and those of Elijah along with others. Finally evidence is presented that Jesus understood John’s agenda in such terms.

  1. A pretty peculiar priest
  2. Isaiah 32-35, a pattern for restoration
  3. Isaiah 33-34, going back to the beginning
  4. Isaiah 34-35, building Eden amidst the emptiness
  5. Reading the scroll and casting the lot
  6. Overcoming death
  7. Jeremiah’s devastated Judah
  8. Psalm 106, hope for a dead people
  9. Law in the wilderness
  10. The Tent of Meeting outside the camp
  11. The path to Eden, a pathway to cleanliness
  12. An Eden for an Adam-like Messiah

22. A hairy man in the wilderness (7 pages)

This chapter explores the nature of the Nazirite vow and what difference it made for the individual who lived according to it. It then considers how hairiness became the hallmark of the prophet, before examining how John the Baptist’s diet and garb performed a prophetic role in their own right.

  1. The ancient vow
  2. Exceeding God’s expectations of a high priest
  3. The difference it made
  4. Hairy men and their hairy garments
  5. An upgrade in authority
  6. A prophetic diet in a clean place
  7. Radical cleanliness in an unclean land
  8. A Nazirite in the wilderness

23. Finding the way (14 pages)

In this chapter, John the Baptist’s role is related to Isaiah 40. A detailed analysis of the textual precedents for Isaiah 40 reveal the significance of the way of righteousness and the type of person needed to cast the lot as it comes into being. 

  1. A prophet and his role
  2. What it meant for the kingdom to draw near
  3. The poetry of Isaiah 40:1-11
  4. The enduring word of God
  5. Calling for a straight way
  6. Removing the obstacles
  7. The appearance of God’s Glory
  8. Inspiration from a threefold psalm
  9. The comfort of Joseph
  10. Moses and his Mighty shepherds
  11. The compassion to judge
  12. Proclaiming the way

24. Warning to a brood of vipers (13 pages)

This chapter contains a detailed analysis of John the Baptist’s address to the Pharisees and Sadducees, tracing his points back to their textual roots in the Hebrew Bible. In doing so it presents the monologue as an invitation to join his group and a reminder of the consequences of failing to do so.

  1. The Lord’s banner
  2. The nature of the visitors
  3. A prophet to an apostate priesthood
  4. Hatching serpents
  5. The wrath to come
  6. Fruit in keeping with repentance
  7. Sons for Abraham out of stones
  8. The axe at the root
  9. The messenger and the awaited lord
  10. Immersed in wind and fire
  11. Cleansing the threshing floor
  12. The metaphor of harvest
  13. Unquenchable fire
  14. The sudden arrival of the God of justice

25. To cleanse a nation (12 pages)

This chapter considers the implication of John the Baptist being primarily a priest and only secondly a prophet. It explores the components of Israel’s cleanliness legislation and how later precedents effected them. It then demonstrates how these provided a basis for John’s sacrament of baptism.

  1. A priest doing priestly things
  2. Seeking cleanliness by the Jordan
  3. The cautionary and the cataclysmic
  4. From segregation to repentance
  5. Emulating the Exodus
  6. A handful of precedents
  7. The waters of Zion
  8. Following through
  9. The dove that remained
  10. Administering a time honoured sacrament

26. Sin offerings and salvation (16 pages)

This chapter considers in further detail the sacrifice that lay behind the sprinkling step in cleansing procedures and therefore in John’s baptism. It identifies a common pattern that underlay all sin offerings and introduces the two basic types, each attached to its own foundational covenant. It then focuses on the Edenic sin, explaining how its basic principles underlie a swathe of offerings as diverse as the Passover, the brazen serpent, the scapegoat, red heifer, and the test for adultery in a wife. It identifies how the Edenic sin offering provided a means of precipitating judgement to order, thereby requiring God to exonerate the innocent and condemn the guilty. Then explores how casting Jonah overboard and the King of Moab’s human offering might also be interpreted in these terms of this type of offering.

  1. Sprinkling, offering and cross
  2. Two covenants, two types of sin offering
  3. A bull and a red heifer
  4. A bird set free and a goat sent out
  5. An unclean invitation to judge
  6. Placating the jealous and absolving the innocent
  7. A remedy for the bite of vipers
  8. An Edenic solution to an Edenic problem
  9. An offering for a son
  10. The pragmatism of Passover
  11. Precipitating judgement with a purpose
  12. The offering of a firstborn
  13. The sacrifice of Jonah
  14. Participating in a personal Exodus

27. Breaking Bread at the Inn (23 pages)

In the light of all that proceeded it, this chapter takes a look at the Gospels as viewed through the lens of the Hebrew Bible’s precedents. It pulls together the ideas explored in previous chapters and applies them to Jesus’ ministry. In doing so it explores how the re-birthing of Israel was led by a watchman prophet in exile, as events marched to the drumbeat of the festivals. I explain how rejection of Jesus rendered him unable to exercise his Mechizedekian role within the established cultic system, thus rendering temple-based atonement ineffective. T|he chapter then explore how the radical solution of an Edenic offering became necessary. In conclusion it presents the cross as a typical Edenic sin offering, yet one of such unparalleled potency that it eliminated the need for other sacrifice.

  1. The view from Emmaus
  2. The only way is re-birth
  3. John’s infant creation
  4. The first day in Eden
  5. The challenge of obedience
  6. Becoming a Samaritan prophet
  7. The Galilean Sinai
  8. New wine and Sabbath bread
  9. The anonymous Feast of Tabernacles
  10. Violent men
  11. The move into leadership
  12. Walking on water and vanishing support
  13. Fire from heaven
  14. The final approach
  15. Betrayal and bloodshed
  16. The terrible sacrifice at Calvary
  17. Bettering the Law
  18. The two become one

Epilogue (1 Page)

The epilogue very briefly considers how the principles examined in this book flowed on into the church age and what they mean for us.

Appendices

Appendix A. The image of God in mankind (1 page, referenced from Chapter 3)

Appendix B. The chronology of the Noahic flood (6 pages, referenced from Chapter 6)

Appendix C. The feasts of the seventh month (2 pages, referenced from Chapter 6)

Appendix D. Sacrifices of dedication (1 page, referenced from Chapter 7)

Appendix E. Ruth and the chronology of Judges (2 pages, referenced from chapters 8 and 11)

Appendix F. The significance of four months (1 page, referenced from chapters 10 and 15)

Appendix G. Caleb’s compared (3 pages, referenced from Chapters 10)

Appendix H. Jacob's wrestling (3 pages, referenced from chapters 11 and 19)

Appendix I. Idolatry and the fate of Sodom (2 pages, referenced from Chapter 15)

Appendix J. Alternate theories for the meaning of ‘Nazarene’ (2 pages, referenced from Chapter 18)

Appendix K. White as snow (3 pages, referenced from Chapter 20)

Appendix L. Isaiah 13:9-18, 34:2-8 correspondence (1 page, referenced from Chapter 20)

Appendix M. Eternal declarations and the last days (2 pages, referenced from Chapter 21)

Appendix N. Three ordinations compared (2 pages, referenced from chapters 22 and 25)

Appendix O. Summary of ritual cleansing (3 pages, referenced from Chapter 25)

Appendix P. The context of the Guilt Offering (1 page, referenced from Chapter 25)

Appendix Q. The Tabernacle, a model of heaven (4 pages, referenced from Chapter 26)

Appendix R. The judges and inter-tribal links (3 pages, referenced from Chapter 11)

Appendix S. Cleanliness links in Matthew 8 (2 pages, referenced from Chapter 27)

Appendix T. The patriarchs and Genesis 3:15 (5 pages, referenced from Chapter 5)

Indexes

  1. Topical index (estimated at 3 pages, yet to be produced)
  2. Scripture index (estimated at 20 pages, yet to be produced)